Ixabiso leingxubevange titaniumiphakathi kwe-$200 kunye ne-$400 ngekhilogram, ngelixa ixabiso le-alloy ye-titanium yomkhosi libiza ngokuphindwe kabini. Ke, yintoni i-titanium? Kutheni kubiza kangaka emva kokufakwa kwe-alloying?
Okokuqala, makhe siqonde umthombo we-titanium. I-Titanium ivela ikakhulu kwi-ilmenite, i-rutile kunye ne-perovskite. Yintsimbi esiliva-emhlophe. Ngenxa yobume obusebenzayo be-titanium kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zeteknoloji yokunyibilikisa, abantu abakwazanga ukuvelisa inani elikhulu le-titanium ixesha elide, ngoko ke ikwahlelwa njengesinyithi "esinqabileyo".
Enyanisweni, abantu bafumana i-titanium ngo-1791, kodwa eyokuqalatitanium ecocekileyoyaveliswa ngowe-1910, eyathabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Isizathu esona sizathu kukuba i-titanium isebenza kakhulu kumaqondo aphezulu kwaye kulula ukudibanisa ne-oksijini, i-nitrogen, i-carbon kunye nezinye izinto. Kuthatha iimeko ezinzima kakhulu ukukhupha i-titanium ecocekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso ye-titanium yaseTshayina ikhule ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-200 kwinkulungwane edlulileyo ukuya kwi-150,000 yeetoni ngoku, ngoku ikwindawo yokuqala emhlabeni. Ke, iphi i-titanium esetyenziswa kakhulu xa ibiza kangaka?
1. Imisebenzi yezandla yeTitanium.I-Titanium inoxinaniso oluphezulu kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana nomhlwa, ngakumbi i-oxidizable kwaye inemibala. Inesiphumo esihle sokuhombisa kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunegolide yokwenyani, ke isetyenziselwa ukubuyisela igolide yokwenyani kwiiseramikhi zobugcisa, izakhiwo zakudala kunye nokulungiswa kwezakhiwo zakudala, iiplate zamagama zangaphandle, njl.
2. Ubucwebe beTitanium.I-Titanium ingene ngokuthe cwaka ebomini bethu. Ezinye izacholo ezenziwe nge-titanium ecocekileyo enxiba amantombazana ngoku. Eyona nto inkulu yolu hlobo olutsha lwezacholo yimpilo, ukhuseleko kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ayiyi kuvelisa izinto ezinobungozi kwesikhumba somntu kunye nomzimba, kwaye ibizwa ngokuba "ubucwebe obuluhlaza".
3. Iiglasi ze-Titanium. I-Titanium inamandla aphezulu okuxhathisa i-deformation kunentsimbi, kodwa ubunzima bayo buyisiqingatha kuphela somthamo ofanayo wensimbi. Iiglasi ze-Titanium azibonakali zihluke kwiiglasi zetsimbi eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ngokwenene zilula kwaye zikhululekile, ngokuchukumisa okufudumeleyo kunye nokugudileyo, ngaphandle kwemvakalelo ebandayo yezinye iiglasi zetsimbi. Izakhelo ze-Titanium zikhaphukhaphu kakhulu kunezakhelo zetsimbi eziqhelekileyo, aziyi konakala emva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide, kwaye umgangatho uqinisekisiwe ngakumbi.
4. Kwintsimi ye-aerospace, iintsimbi ezininzi ezithwala iinqwelo-moya zangoku, imijukujelwa, nemijukujelwa ziye zathatyathelw’ indawo yi<em>titanium alloys. Abanye abantu baye benza uvavanyo lokusika ngeepleyiti zentsimbi kunye ne-titanium alloys, nangenxa yokuchasana kwayo nokuguqulwa kunye nobunzima obulula. Ngethuba lokusika, kwafunyaniswa ukuba iintlantsi eziveliswa yi-titanium zibonakala zihluke kancinci. Ipleyiti yentsimbi yayigolide, ngelixa iintlantsi ze-titanium alloy zazimhlophe. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu ngenxa yeencinci ezincinci eziveliswa yi-titanium alloy ngexesha lokusika. Iyakwazi ukuvutha ngokuzenzekelayo emoyeni kwaye ikhuphe iintlantsi eziqaqambileyo, kwaye ubushushu bezi ntlantsi buphezulu kakhulu kuneentlantsi zentsimbi, ngoko ke i-titanium powder ikwasetyenziswa njengamafutha e-rocket.
Ngokwezibalo, ngaphezu kwe-1,000 yeetoni ze-titanium zisetyenziselwa ukuhamba ngenqanawa kwihlabathi minyaka le. Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni njengezinto zasemajukujukwini, i-titanium ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza iinkwili. Kukho umntu owake watshona i-titanium emazantsi olwandle, wafumanisa ukuba ayizange ivuswe kwaphela xa yakhutshwa kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, kuba ingxinano ye-titanium yi-4.5 grams kuphela, kwaye amandla kwi-cubic centimeter nganye yeyona iphakamileyo phakathi kwesinyithi. kwaye inokumelana neatmospheres ezingama-2,500 zoxinzelelo. Ke ngoko, iinkwili ze-titanium zinokuhamba kulwandle olunzulu lweemitha ezingama-4,500, ngelixa iinkwili eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi zinokuntywila ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-300.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-titanium kucebile kwaye kunemibala, kwayeialloyi titaniumzikwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumayeza, kwaye zisetyenziswa kunyango lwamazinyo, utyando lweplastiki, iivalvu zentliziyo, izixhobo zonyango, njl.njl. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso langoku leemveliso ze-titanium kwimarike liphezulu, okwenza ukuba abathengi abaninzi bahlale kude. Ngoko, yintoni kanye kanye ebangela le meko?
Ukumbiwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo ye-titanium kunzima kakhulu. Ukusasazwa kwemigodi yesanti ye-ilmenite kwilizwe lam kusasazeka, kwaye ukuxinwa kwemithombo ye-titanium kuphantsi. Emva kweminyaka yokwembiwa nokusetyenziswa kwemigodi, ubutyebi obukumgangatho ophezulu kunye nobukhulu bemithombo yombiwa, kodwa ngenxa yokuba uphuhliso lusekwe ikakhulu kwimigodi yabantu, kunzima ukwenza uphuhliso nokusetyenziswa komgangatho omkhulu.
Imfuno ye-titanium inamandla kakhulu. Njengodidi olutsha lwemathiriyeli yesinyithi, i-titanium isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-aerospace, ulwakhiwo, ulwandle, amandla enyukliya kunye nombane. Ngokuphucuka okuqhubekayo kwamandla elizwe lam abanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwe-titanium kukwabonise ukukhula okukhawulezayo.
Ukungonelanga kwamandla okuvelisa i-titanium. Okwangoku, kukho amazwe ambalwa ahambele phambili kwezoshishino anokuvelisa i-titanium.
Ukulungiswa kweTitanium kunzima.
Ukusuka kwi-sponge titanium ukuya kwi-titanium ingots, kwaye emva koko ukuya kwiipleyiti ze-titanium, iinkqubo ezininzi ziyafuneka. Inkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-titanium yahlukile kuleyo yentsimbi. Kuyimfuneko ukulawula izinga lokunyibilika, i-voltage kunye ne-current, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokubunjwa. Ngenxa yeenkqubo ezininzi nezintsonkothileyo, kukwanzima ukuqhubekeka.
I-titanium ecocekileyo ithambile kwaye ayifanelanga ukusetyenziswa njengemveliso ye-titanium. Ngoko ke, ezinye izinto kufuneka zongezwe ukuphucula iimpawu zetsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, i-titanium-64, esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwishishini le-aviation, idinga ukongeza inani elikhulu lezinye izinto ukuphucula iimpawu zayo zetsimbi.
I-Titanium isabela ngamandla kunye neehalogens, ioksijini, isulfure, ikhabhoni, initrogen kunye nezinye izinto kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ke ngoko, ukunyibilikiswa kwe-titanium kufuneka kuqhutyelwe kwi-vacuum okanye umoya ongasebenziyo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka.
I-Titanium yintsimbi esebenzayo, kodwa i-thermal conductivity yayo iyancipha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuwelda kunye nezinye izinto.
Isishwankathelo, kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ixabiso le-alloys ye-titanium, kubandakanywa ixabiso lenkcubeko, imfuno, ubunzima bemveliso, njl. Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, ubunzima bemveliso bunokuncipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-02-2025